Citation help

CSE Rules

• Use the CSE name-year system.
• No date? Place the words 'date unknown' within square brackets in the in-text reference. Include [date unknown] in the end reference also.  
  • Smith argues that whalefish are among the most mystical of all ocean dwellers (Smith [date unknown]).
  • Smith J. [date unknown]. Creatures of the deep. 5th ed. New York: Oxford Press.
• Capitalize only the first word of book, chapter titles, or article titles except for proper nouns.  For example: Celiac disease. In: The Gale encyclopedia of science
• The end of paper citation list should be titled: References
• Citations in the end of paper reference list should be listed in alphabetical order by author's last name.  Use full last name of author and then initial letters for first and middle name.
• End of paper citations are not double spaced.
• Using a hanging indent with the end of paper citations is optional.
• In-text citations appear in parentheses, and consist of the author(s) last name, as well as the document’s year of publication, for example (Miller 2013).

FORMAT

Entire Book

Author AA, Author BB. Year. Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher Name. 

Chapter in a Book
Author AA, Author BB. Year.  Title of the article or entry.  In: Title of reference book.  Edition. Place of publication: Publisher Name. Volume number (if applicable), p. pages.

EXAMPLES

Islam SU. 2023. Infectious diseases: smart study guide for medical students, residents, and clinical providers. London: Academic Press.

Gulli LF, Mallory N, Terry T. 2016. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. In: The Gale encyclopedia of genetic disorders. 4th ed.  Detroit: Gale. Vol. 2, p. 946-949.

FORMAT
Author AA. Year. Title of the article or entry. In: Title of reference book. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher; [accessed date you viewed the webpage]. Volume number, p. page(s). Available from: Title of Database; hostname URL.

EXAMPLES
 

With Author(s)

Aldridge S, Santhanam K. 2018. Gonorrhea. In: Infectious diseases. Detroit: Gale; [accessed 2023 Jan 26]. Vol. 1, p.387-390. Available from: Gale eBooks; https://link.gale.com.

With Editor(s) only

Ferrara MH, editors. 2010. Tay-Sachs disease. In: Human diseases and conditions. 2nd ed. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons; [accessed 2023 Jun 26]. Vol. 4, p.1638-1641-310. Available from: Gale eBooks; https://link.gale.com.

With Author(s) and Editor(s)

Sims J, Vance A. 2022. Celiac disease. In: Narins B, editor. Gale encyclopedia of genetic disorders. 5th ed.

Detroit: Gale; [accessed 2023 Feb 9]. p. 319-323. Available from: Gale eBooks; https:link.gale.com.

No Author or Editor (start with the title)

Hemophilia. 2022. In: The Gale encyclopedia of genetic disorders. 5th ed. Detroit: Gale; [accessed 2023 Sep 25]. Vol. 2, p. 891-895. Available from: Gale eBooks; https://link.gale.com.

FORMAT
Author AA, Author BB. Year of publication. Article title. Journal title. [accessed date you viewed the article];Volume number(issue number):page numbers. Available from: Library Database; hostname URL.

EXAMPLE
Carlson M, Redvers N. 2023. Indigenous peoples and cultural safety in public health. Am J Public Health. [accessed 2023 Oct 12];113(10):1059-1063.  Available from: CINAHL Complete; https://search.ebscohost.com.

Journal Title Abbreviations:  In CSE, journal titles may be abbreviated. Use ISI Journal Title Abbreviations to find those abbreviations.

FORMAT
Author AA. Publication or Updated/Revised Date. Title of webpage. Place of publication: Publisher; [accessed date you viewed the webpage]. URL.

EXAMPLE
Tosh PK. 2022 Dec. Monkeypox: what is it and how can it be prevented? Rochester (MN): Mayo Clinic; [accessed 2023 Sep 10].  https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/expert-answers/monkeypox-faq/faq-20533608.

FORMAT
Title of webpage. Publication or Updated/Revised Date. Place of publication: Publisher; [accessed date you viewed the webpage]. URL.

EXAMPLE
Rhinoviruses. 2023 Mar 8. Atlanta: National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases; [accessed 2023 Oct 12].  https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/rhinoviruses-common-cold.html.

FORMAT
Author AA, Author BB. Publication or Updated/Revised Date. Section. In: Title of publication. Place of publication: Publisher;  [accessed date you viewed the web publication]. hostname URL.

EXAMPLE

Vergidis P. 2023 Sep. Infectious diseases: fungi: sporotrichosis. In: The Merck manual professional edition. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co.; [accessed 2023 Nov 1]. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional.

FORMAT
Poster AA.  Uploaded Date. Title of video. Website; [accessed date you viewed the video]. URL.

EXAMPLE
National Geographic. 2015 Nov 10. Can we use bacteria to treat diseases?  YouTube; [accessed 2023 Oct 10].  https://youtu.be/6LjvUPADFtM?si=rvo0qXBIR9LDZ0T3.

Image from a Website:

FORMAT
Author AA. Publication or Updated/Revised Date. Title of webpage. Place of Publication: Publisher or Sponsoring Organization; [accessed date you viewed the webpage]. URL.

EXAMPLE
Harding J. 2004 Aug 6. Medical encyclopedia: blood pressure. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine; [accessed 2022 Mar 26]. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9124.htm.

In-text Citation/Reference For Image Cited Above:

Fig. 1.  Blood pressure force to the artery walls (Harding 2004)

Image from Online Book in Library Database (Gale eBooks)

FORMAT
Author AA. Year. Title of the article or entry.  In: Title of reference book.  Edition.  Place of publication: Publisher; [accessed date you viewed the webpage].  Volume number, p. page(s). Available from: Title of Database; hostname URL.

EXAMPLE
Alic M, Rocheleau J. 2021. Global cancer incidence and mortality. In: Gale encyclopedia of cancer. 5th ed. Detroit: Gale; [accessed 2023 Jan 26]. Vol. 2, p.952-957. Available from Gale eBooks; https://link.gale.com.

In-text Citation/Reference For Image Cited Above:

Fig. 2. Countries with the highest cancer rates, 2018 (Alic and Rocheleau 2021)